TY - JOUR T1 - Third generation cephalosporin resistance in clinical nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica in Germany and emergence of blaCTX-M-harbouring pESI plasmids AU - Pietsch, Michael AU - Simon, Sandra AU - Meinen, Anika AU - Trost, Eva AU - Banerji, Sangeeta AU - Pfeifer, Yvonne AU - Flieger, Antje AB - Non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica is an important gastrointestinal pathogen causing a considerable burden of disease. Resistance to third generation cephalosporins poses a serious threat for treatment of severe infections. In this study occurrence, phylogenetic relationship, and mechanisms of third generation cephalosporin resistance were investigated for clinical non-typhoidal S. enterica isolates in Germany. From 2017 to 2019, we detected 168 unique clinical S. enterica isolates with phenotypic resistance to third generation cephalosporins in a nation-wide surveillance. Compared to previous years, we observed a significant (P=0.0002) and consistent increase in resistant isolates from 0.41 % in 2005 to 1.71 % in 2019. In total, 34 different serovars were identified, most often S. Infantis (n=41; 24.4 %), S. Typhimurium (n=27; 16.1 %), S. Kentucky (n=21; 12.5 %), and S. Derby (n=17; 10.1 %). Whole genome analyses revealed extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes as main cause for third generation cephalosporin resistance, and most prevalent were blaCTX-M-1 (n=55), blaCTX-M-14 (n=25), and blaCTX-M-65 (n=23). There was no strict correlation between serovar, phylogenetic lineage, and ESBL type but some serovar/ESBL gene combinations were detected frequently, such as blaCTX-M-1 and blaCTX-M-65 in S. Infantis or blaCTX-M-14b in S. Kentucky. The ESBL genes were mainly located on plasmids, including IncI, IncA/C variants, emerging pESI variants, and a novel blaCTX-M-1harbouring plasmid. We conclude that third generation cephalosporin resistance is on the rise among clinical S. enterica isolates in Germany, and occurrence in various S. enterica serovars is most probably due to multiple acquisition events of plasmids. KW - Salmonella enterica KW - antibiotic resistance KW - extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) KW - plasmid KW - pESI KW - 610 Medizin und Gesundheit PY - 2021 LA - eng PB - Robert Koch-Institut JO - Microbial Genomics VL - 7 IS - 10 SP - 1 EP - 10 DO - 10.1099/mgen.0.000698 ER -