TY - JOUR T1 - Archival influenza virus genomes from Europe reveal genomic variability during the 1918 pandemic AU - Patrono, Livia V. AU - Vrancken, Bram AU - Budt, Matthias AU - Düx, Ariane AU - Lequime, Sebastian AU - Boral, Sengül AU - Gilbert, M. Thomas P. AU - Gogarten, Jan F. AU - Hoffmann, Luisa AU - Horst, David AU - Merkel, Kevin AU - Morens, David AU - Prepoint, Baptiste AU - Schlotterbeck, Jasmin AU - Schuenemann, Verena J. AU - Suchard, Marc A. AU - Taubenberger, Jeffery K. AU - Tenkhoff, Luisa AU - Urban, Christian AU - Widulin, Navena AU - Winter, Eduard AU - Worobey, Michael AU - Schnalke, Thomas AU - Wolff, Thorsten AU - Lemey, Philippe AU - Calvignac-Spencer, Sébastien AB - The 1918 influenza pandemic was the deadliest respiratory pandemic of the 20th century and determined the genomic make-up of subsequent human influenza A viruses (IAV). Here, we analyze both the first 1918 IAV genomes from Europe and the first from samples prior to the autumn peak. 1918 IAV genomic diversity is consistent with a combination of local transmission and long-distance dispersal events. Comparison of genomes before and during the pandemic peak shows variation at two sites in the nucleoprotein gene associated with resistance to host antiviral response, pointing at a possible adaptation of 1918 IAV to humans. Finally, local molecular clock modeling suggests a pure pandemic descent of seasonal H1N1 IAV as an alternative to the hypothesis of origination through an intrasubtype reassortment. KW - Influenza virus KW - Viral evolution KW - 610 Medizin und Gesundheit PY - 2022 LA - eng PB - Robert Koch-Institut JO - nature communications VL - 13 DO - 10.1038/s41467-022-29614-9 ER -