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2020-01-07Zeitschriftenartikel DOI: 10.25646/6610
Maternal effects on offspring growth indicate post-weaning juvenile dependence in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus)
dc.contributor.authorSamuni, Liran
dc.contributor.authorTkaczynski, Patrick
dc.contributor.authorDeschner, Tobias
dc.contributor.authorLöhrrich, Therese
dc.contributor.authorWittig, Roman M.
dc.contributor.authorCrockford, Catherine
dc.date.accessioned2020-03-26T12:57:54Z
dc.date.available2020-03-26T12:57:54Z
dc.date.issued2020-01-07none
dc.identifier.other10.1186/s12983-019-0343-8
dc.identifier.urihttp://edoc.rki.de/176904/6568
dc.description.abstractBackground In animals with altricial offspring, most growth occurs after birth and may be optimized by post-natal maternal care. Maternal effects on growth may be influenced by individual characteristics of the mothers, such as social status, individual investment strategies and the length of association with offspring. The prolonged juvenile dependence seen in humans is a distinctive life history adaptation, which may have evolved to facilitate sustained somatic and brain growth. In chimpanzees, offspring are typically weaned at approximately 4 years old, yet immature individuals continue to associate with their mothers for up to 10 years beyond weaning. Whether this lengthy association or the individual characteristics of mothers influences growth patterns in this species is not clear. The relationship between urinary creatinine and specific gravity is an established non-invasive measure of muscle mass in humans and chimpanzees. We analysed the urinary creatinine and specific gravity of 1318 urine samples from 70 wild chimpanzees from the Taï Forest, Ivory Coast aged 4 to 15 years. Results We showed a clear increase in urinary creatinine levels with age in both males and females, replicating established growth curves in this species and reaffirming this measure as a reliable proxy for lean body mass. Comparing those who experience maternal loss (orphans) with non-orphan chimpanzees, maternal presence beyond weaning age and into late juvenility positively influenced offspring muscle mass throughout ontogeny such that orphans had significantly less muscle mass than age-matched non-orphans. In age-matched offspring with mothers, those with high-ranking mothers had greater muscle mass. Accounting for variation in muscle mass attributable to maternal presence, we found no effect of maternal investment (length of inter birth interval, from own birth to birth of following sibling) on offspring muscle mass. Conclusion Chimpanzee mothers have an extended and multi-faceted influence on offspring phenotypes. Our results suggest that maternal investment extends beyond lactation and into early adulthood and has clear benefits to offspring physical development. Therefore, prolonged juvenile dependence, although unique in its form in human societies, may be a trait with deeper evolutionary origins.eng
dc.language.isoengnone
dc.publisherRobert Koch-Institut
dc.rights(CC BY 3.0 DE) Namensnennung 3.0 Deutschlandger
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/de/
dc.subjectLife historyeng
dc.subjectOrphaneng
dc.subjectMuscle masseng
dc.subjectHominin evolutioneng
dc.subjectCreatinineeng
dc.subjectFemale dominanceeng
dc.subject.ddc610 Medizin und Gesundheitnone
dc.titleMaternal effects on offspring growth indicate post-weaning juvenile dependence in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus)none
dc.typearticle
dc.identifier.urnurn:nbn:de:kobv:0257-176904/6568-6
dc.identifier.doihttp://dx.doi.org/10.25646/6610
dc.type.versionpublishedVersionnone
local.edoc.container-titleFrontiers in Zoologynone
local.edoc.type-nameZeitschriftenartikel
local.edoc.container-typeperiodical
local.edoc.container-type-nameZeitschrift
local.edoc.container-urlhttps://frontiersinzoology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12983-019-0343-8none
local.edoc.container-publisher-nameBioMed Centralnone
local.edoc.container-volume17none
local.edoc.container-issue1none
local.edoc.container-year2020none
local.edoc.container-firstpage1none
local.edoc.container-lastpage12none
local.edoc.rki-departmentProjektgruppen/Nachwuchsgruppennone
dc.description.versionPeer Reviewednone

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