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2022-01-04Zeitschriftenartikel
Investigation of a Limited but Explosive COVID-19 Outbreak in a German Secondary School
dc.contributor.authorBaumgarte, Sigrid
dc.contributor.authorHartkopf, Felix
dc.contributor.authorHölzer, Martin
dc.contributor.authorvon Kleist, Max
dc.contributor.authorNeitz, Sabine
dc.contributor.authorKriegel, Martin
dc.contributor.authorBollongino, Kirsten
dc.date.accessioned2022-07-28T08:19:20Z
dc.date.available2022-07-28T08:19:20Z
dc.date.issued2022-01-04none
dc.identifier.other10.3390/v14010087
dc.identifier.urihttp://edoc.rki.de/176904/9989
dc.description.abstractThe role of schools as a source of infection and driver in the coronavirus-pandemic has been controversial and is still not completely clarified. To prevent harm and disadvantages for children and adolescents, but also adults, detailed data on school outbreaks is needed, especially when talking about open schools employing evidence-based safety concepts. Here, we investigated the first significant COVID-19 school outbreak in Hamburg, Germany, after the re-opening of schools in 2020. Using clinical, laboratory, and contact data and spatial measures for epidemiological and environmental studies combined with whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis, we examined the causes and the course of the secondary school outbreak. The potential index case was identified by epidemiological tracking and the lessons in classrooms with presumably high virus spreading rates and further infection chains in the setting. Sequence analysis of samples detected one sample of a different virus lineage and 25 virus genomes with almost identical sequences, of which 21 showed 100% similarity. Most infections occurred in connection with two lesson units of the primary case. Likely, 31 students (12–14 years old), two staff members, and three family members were infected in the school or the typical household. Sequence analysis revealed an outbreak cluster with a single source that was epidemiologically identified as a member of the educational staff. In lesson units, two superspreading events of varying degrees with airborne transmission took place. These were influenced by several parameters including the exposure times, the use of respiratory masks while speaking and spatial or structural conditions at that time.eng
dc.language.isoengnone
dc.publisherRobert Koch-Institut
dc.rights(CC BY 3.0 DE) Namensnennung 3.0 Deutschlandger
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/de/
dc.subjectSARS-CoV-2eng
dc.subjectschool outbreakeng
dc.subjectsuperspreading eventeng
dc.subjectaerosolseng
dc.subjectnon-pharmaceutical interventionseng
dc.subject.ddc610 Medizin und Gesundheitnone
dc.titleInvestigation of a Limited but Explosive COVID-19 Outbreak in a German Secondary Schoolnone
dc.typearticle
dc.identifier.urnurn:nbn:de:0257-176904/9989-1
dc.type.versionpublishedVersionnone
local.edoc.container-titleVirusesnone
local.edoc.container-issn1999-4915none
local.edoc.type-nameZeitschriftenartikel
local.edoc.container-typeperiodical
local.edoc.container-type-nameZeitschrift
local.edoc.container-urlhttps://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/1/87/htmnone
local.edoc.container-publisher-placeMDPInone
local.edoc.container-volume14none
local.edoc.container-issue1none
local.edoc.container-year2022none
dc.description.versionPeer Reviewednone

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