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2013-06-11Zeitschriftenartikel DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00322-13
Provenance and Geographic Spread of St. Louis Encephalitis Virus
dc.contributor.authorKopp, Anne
dc.contributor.authorGillespie, Thomas R.
dc.contributor.authorHobelsberger, Daniel
dc.contributor.authorEstrada, Alejandro
dc.contributor.authorHarper, James M.
dc.contributor.authorMiller, Richard A.
dc.contributor.authorEckerle, Isabella
dc.contributor.authorMüller, Marcel A.
dc.contributor.authorPodsiadlowski, Lars
dc.contributor.authorLeendertz, Fabian
dc.contributor.authorDrosten, Christian
dc.contributor.authorJunglen, Sandra
dc.date.accessioned2018-05-07T16:54:15Z
dc.date.available2018-05-07T16:54:15Z
dc.date.created2013-07-29
dc.date.issued2013-06-11none
dc.identifier.otherhttp://edoc.rki.de/oa/articles/reWCT8K2QoztE/PDF/26SZTnD2Iu4KI.pdf
dc.identifier.urihttp://edoc.rki.de/176904/1626
dc.description.abstractSt. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) is the prototypic mosquito-borne flavivirus in the Americas. Birds are its primary vertebrate hosts, but amplification in certain mammals has also been suggested. The place and time of SLEV emergence remain unknown. In an ecological investigation in a tropical rainforest in Palenque National Park, Mexico, we discovered an ancestral variant of SLEV in Culex nigripalpus mosquitoes. Those SLEV-Palenque strains form a highly distinct phylogenetic clade within the SLEV species. Cell culture studies of SLEV-Palenque versus epidemic SLEV (MSI-7) revealed no growth differences in insect cells but a clear inability of SLEV-Palenque to replicate in cells from birds, cotton rats, and free-tailed bats permissive for MSI-7 replication. Only cells from nonhuman primates and neotropical fruit bats were moderately permissive. Phylogeographic reconstruction identified the common ancestor of all epidemic SLEV strains to have existed in an area between southern Mexico and Panama ca. 330 years ago. Expansion of the epidemic lineage occurred in two waves, the first representing emergence near the area of origin and the second involving almost parallel appearances of the virus in the lower Mississippi and Amazon delta regions. Early diversification events overlapped human habitat invasion during the post-Columbian era. Several documented SLEV outbreaks, such as the 1964 Houston epidemic or the 1990 Tampa epidemic, were predated by the arrival of novel strains between 1 and 4 years before the outbreaks. Collectively, our data provide insight into the putative origins of SLEV, suggesting that virus emergence was driven by human invasion of primary rainforests. IMPORTANCE St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) is the prototypic mosquito-transmitted flavivirus of the Americas. Unlike the West Nile virus, which we know was recently introduced into North America from the Old World, the provenience of SLEV is obscure. In an ecological investigation in a primary rainforest area of Palenque National Park, Mexico, we have discovered an ancestral variant of SLEV. The ancestral virus was much less active than the epidemic virus in cell cultures, reflecting its incomplete adaptation to hosts encountered outside primary rainforests. Knowledge of this virus enabled a spatiotemporal reconstruction of the common ancestor of all SLEVs and how the virus spread from there. We can infer that the cosmopolitan SLEV lineage emerged from Central America in the 17th century, a period of post-Columbian colonial history marked by intense human invasion of primary rainforests. Further spread followed major bird migration pathways over North and South America.eng
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherRobert Koch-Institut
dc.subjectAnimalseng
dc.subjectHumanseng
dc.subjectMolecular Sequence Dataeng
dc.subjectEvolution Moleculareng
dc.subjectSequence Analysis DNAeng
dc.subjectPhylogeographyeng
dc.subjectDisease Outbreakseng
dc.subjectCulex/virologyeng
dc.subjectEncephalitis Virus St. Louis/classificationeng
dc.subjectEncephalitis Virus St. Louis/geneticseng
dc.subjectEncephalitis Virus St. Louis/isolation & purificationeng
dc.subjectEncephalitis Virus St. Louis/physiologyeng
dc.subjectEncephalitis St. Louis/epidemiologyeng
dc.subjectEncephalitis St. Louis/virologyeng
dc.subjectHost Specificityeng
dc.subjectMexicoeng
dc.subjectVirus Replicationeng
dc.subject.ddc610 Medizin
dc.titleProvenance and Geographic Spread of St. Louis Encephalitis Virus
dc.typeperiodicalPart
dc.identifier.urnurn:nbn:de:0257-10032242
dc.identifier.doi10.1128/mBio.00322-13
dc.identifier.doihttp://dx.doi.org/10.25646/1551
local.edoc.container-titlemBio
local.edoc.container-textKopp A, Gillespie TR, Hobelsberger D, Estrada A, Harper JM, Miller RA, Eckerle I, Müller MA, Podsiadlowski L, Leendertz FH, Drosten C, Junglen S. 2013. Provenance and geographic spread of St. Louis encephalitis virus. mBio 4(3):e00322-13. .
local.edoc.fp-subtypeArtikel
local.edoc.type-nameZeitschriftenartikel
local.edoc.container-typeperiodical
local.edoc.container-type-nameZeitschrift
local.edoc.container-urlhttp://mbio.asm.org/content/4/3/e00322-13.long
local.edoc.container-publisher-nameAmerican Society for Microbiology
local.edoc.container-volume4
local.edoc.container-issue3
local.edoc.container-year2013

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