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2015-02-10Zeitschriftenartikel DOI: 10.3390/v7020666
Evaluation of Virus Inactivation by Formaldehyde to Enhance Biosafety of Diagnostic Electron Microscopy
dc.contributor.authorMöller, Lars
dc.contributor.authorSchünadel, Livia
dc.contributor.authorNitsche, Andreas
dc.contributor.authorSchwebke, Ingeborg
dc.contributor.authorHanisch, Manuela
dc.contributor.authorLaue, Michael
dc.date.accessioned2018-05-07T18:06:52Z
dc.date.available2018-05-07T18:06:52Z
dc.date.created2015-02-17
dc.date.issued2015-02-10none
dc.identifier.otherhttp://edoc.rki.de/oa/articles/reHSnBZiKGC7A/PDF/242x32SNu0eyc.pdf
dc.identifier.urihttp://edoc.rki.de/176904/2020
dc.description.abstractFormaldehyde (FA) fixation of infectious samples is a well-established protocol in diagnostic electron microscopy of viruses. However, published experimental data that demonstrate virus inactivation by these fixation procedures are lacking. Usually, fixation is performed immediately before the sample preparation for microscopy. The fixation procedure should transform viruses in a non–infectious but nonetheless structurally intact form in order to allow a proper diagnosis based on morphology. FA provides an essential advantage in comparison to other disinfectants, because it preserves the ultrastructure of biological material without interfering significantly with the preparation (i.e., the negative staining) and the detection of viruses. To examine the efficiency of FA inactivation, we used Vaccinia virus, Human adenovirus and Murine norovirus as models and treated them with FA under various conditions. Critical parameters for the inactivation efficiency were the temperature, the duration of the FA treatment, and the resistance of the virus in question. Our results show that FA inactivation at low temperature (4 °C) bears a high risk of incomplete inactivation. Higher temperatures (25 °C) are more efficient, although they still require rather long incubation times to fully inactivate a complex and highly robust virus like Vaccinia. A protocol, which applied 2% buffered FA for 60 min and a temperature–shift from 25 to 37 °C after 30 min was efficient for the complete inactivation of all test viruses, and therefore has the potential to improve both biosafety and speed of diagnostic electron microscopy.eng
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherRobert Koch-Institut, Biologische Sicherheit
dc.subjectnegative stainingeng
dc.subjectviruseng
dc.subjectformaldehydeeng
dc.subjectinactivationeng
dc.subjectplaque assayeng
dc.subjectTCID50 assayeng
dc.subjectdiagnostic electron microscopyeng
dc.subjectbiosafetyeng
dc.subject.ddc610 Medizin
dc.titleEvaluation of Virus Inactivation by Formaldehyde to Enhance Biosafety of Diagnostic Electron Microscopy
dc.typeperiodicalPart
dc.identifier.urnurn:nbn:de:0257-10038802
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/v7020666
dc.identifier.doihttp://dx.doi.org/10.25646/1945
local.edoc.container-titleViruses
local.edoc.container-textMöller, L.; Schünadel, L.; Nitsche, A.; Schwebke, I.; Hanisch, M.; Laue, M. Evaluation of Virus Inactivation by Formaldehyde to Enhance Biosafety of Diagnostic Electron Microscopy. Viruses 2015, 7, 666-679.
local.edoc.fp-subtypeArtikel
local.edoc.type-nameZeitschriftenartikel
local.edoc.container-typeperiodical
local.edoc.container-type-nameZeitschrift
local.edoc.container-urlhttp://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/7/2/666
local.edoc.container-publisher-nameMDPI
local.edoc.container-volume7
local.edoc.container-issue2
local.edoc.container-year2015

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