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2015-11-06Zeitschriftenartikel DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics4040521
Livestock-Associated MRSA: The Impact on Humans
dc.contributor.authorCuny, Christiane
dc.contributor.authorWieler, Lothar H.
dc.contributor.authorWitte, Wolfgang
dc.date.accessioned2018-05-07T18:33:34Z
dc.date.available2018-05-07T18:33:34Z
dc.date.created2015-11-06
dc.date.issued2015-11-06none
dc.identifier.otherhttp://edoc.rki.de/oa/articles/reDz5mNE4WnQ/PDF/277I6ma3I5n9w.pdf
dc.identifier.urihttp://edoc.rki.de/176904/2163
dc.description.abstractDuring the past 25 years an increase in the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA) was recorded worldwide. Additionally, MRSA infections may occur outside and independent of hospitals, caused by community associated MRSA (CA-MRSA). In Germany, we found that at least 10% of these sporadic infections are due to livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA), which is initially associated with livestock. The majority of these MRSA cases are attributed to clonal complex CC398. LA-MRSA CC398 colonizes the animals asymptomatically in about half of conventional pig farms. For about 77%–86% of humans with occupational exposure to pigs, nasal carriage has been reported; it can be lost when exposure is interrupted. Among family members living at the same farms, only 4%–5% are colonized. Spread beyond this group of people is less frequent. The prevalence of LA-MRSA in livestock seems to be influenced by farm size, farming systems, usage of disinfectants, and in-feed zinc. LA-MRSA CC398 is able to cause the same kind of infections in humans as S. aureus and MRSA in general. It can be introduced to hospitals and cause nosocomial infections such as postoperative surgical site infections, ventilator associated pneumonia, septicemia, and infections after joint replacement. For this reason, screening for MRSA colonization at hospital admittance is recommended for farmers and veterinarians with livestock contacts. Intrahospital dissemination, typical for HA-MRSA in the absence of sufficient hygiene, has only rarely been observed for LA-MRSA to date. The proportion of LA-MRSA among all MRSA from nosocomial infections is about 3% across Germany. In geographical areas with a comparatively high density of conventional farms, LA-MRSA accounts for up to 10% of MRSA from septicemia and 15% of MRSA from wound infections. As known from comparative genome analysis, LA-MRSA has evolved from human-adapted methicillin-susceptible S. aureus, and the jump to livestock was obviously associated with several genetic changes. Reversion of the genetic changes and readaptation to humans bears a potential health risk and requires tight surveillance. Although most LA-MRSA (>80%) is resistant to several antibiotics, there are still sufficient treatment options.eng
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherRobert Koch-Institut, Infektionskrankheiten / Erreger
dc.subjectmethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureuseng
dc.subjectlivestockeng
dc.subjectzoonotic transmissioneng
dc.subject.ddc610 Medizin
dc.titleLivestock-Associated MRSA: The Impact on Humans
dc.typeperiodicalPart
dc.identifier.urnurn:nbn:de:0257-10041445
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/antibiotics4040521
dc.identifier.doihttp://dx.doi.org/10.25646/2088
local.edoc.container-titleAntibiotics
local.edoc.fp-subtypeArtikel
local.edoc.type-nameZeitschriftenartikel
local.edoc.container-typeperiodical
local.edoc.container-type-nameZeitschrift
local.edoc.container-urlhttp://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/4/4/521
local.edoc.container-publisher-nameMDPI
local.edoc.container-volume4
local.edoc.container-issue4
local.edoc.container-year2015

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