Subjective sleep quality in association with psychosocial resources and stressors in Germany – an exploratory data analysis of the NRW Health Survey 2024

Abstract

Background: To date, numerous factors that affect sleep quality and duration have been identified, including physical and mental health conditions. However, there is an urgent need for effective approaches to counteract the rising prevalence of poor sleep quality. Methods: As part of a representative population survey (NRW Health Survey 2024), data were collected from 2,002 adults in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW), Germany, on sleep quality, health status, substance use, and individual resources and stressors. Results: Poor sleep quality affected 36.9 % of the participants. In the logistic model, positive associations were observed between subjectively poor sleep quality and, among other factors, being female, depression/depressive moods, and increased levels of loneliness. A sense of autonomy and competence appear to be protective factors. Conclusion: Associations between poor sleep quality and depression, and between psychosocial resources and stressors, suggest that mental health is a key factor in determining the underlying causes of poor sleep quality. Possible interactions should also be taken into account. In particular, strengthening psychosocial resources should be given greater attention at all levels of prevention.