Prevalence and trends in self-reported hearing difficulties among adults in Germany: Results from the GEDA study

Abstract

Background: Hearing is a fundamental ability for participating in everyday life. Hearing loss can substantially impair physical, emotional and social well-being and lead to social isolation. This study examines the prevalence, associated characteristics and trends in self-reported hearing difficulties among adults in Germany. Methods: The data source is the nationwide German Health Update (GEDA) study. Based on GEDA 2019/2020-EHIS, self-reported hearing difficulties are recounted by sociodemographic, health-related and healthcare-related characteristics. GEDA waves from 2009 onwards are used to describe temporal trends. Results: In GEDA 2019/2020-EHIS, 5.4 % of adults reported using a hearing aid and 0.5 % were deaf. Almost one third (32.5 %) reported hearing difficulties, with men affected more often than women. The prevalence of hearing loss increased markedly with age. Hearing loss was more common among people with lower social support, poorer self-rated general health, depressive symptoms and utilisation of outpatient medical services. Between 2009 and 2019, the proportion of people using a hearing aid increased significantly. Conclusions: Hearing loss is widespread. National studies indicate underprovision of hearing aids. Hearing aids can improve well-being and quality of life and reduce the risk of dementia and depression.